New ship designs and navigation tools made long-distance sea travel possible, leading to the Age of Discovery.
Allowed for higher temperatures in metalworking, leading to better quality iron and steel for tools and weapons.
The introduction of cannons and muskets revolutionized warfare, making traditional knightly armor and stone castles obsolete.
Here is the completed table covering technical innovations from the end of the Middle Ages. Technical Innovations at the End of the Middle Ages Innovation Significance and Impact