Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the rapid switching.
Capable of either increasing or decreasing voltage. Switch-Mode Power Supplies
Output voltage is maintained through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) , where the duty cycle (ratio of on-to-off time) is adjusted by a feedback mechanism to compensate for load or input variations. 3. Common Topologies Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the
A "chopper" (switching transistor) converts the DC voltage into a high-frequency pulse train. Steps up the input voltage to a higher output level
Efficiently steps down voltage to a lower level.
Steps up the input voltage to a higher output level.
1. Executive Summary A Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronic power converter that uses a high-frequency switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike traditional linear power supplies that dissipate excess energy as heat, an SMPS utilizes semiconductor switching devices—such as MOSFETs or transistors—that rapidly alternate between full-on and full-off states. This mechanism significantly reduces energy loss and allows for more compact, lightweight designs. 2. Core Working Principles