: Artists used small metal tools (punches) to create "stippled" backgrounds on gold leaf, making halos or borders shimmer in candlelight.
The link between these topics is often found in the field of . Both are studied using advanced imaging to understand their chemical makeup: Sonochrome - Medieval Puntz
: Art historians use similar light-based technology to uncover "palimpsests"—hidden text or drawings beneath the surface of medieval works. : Artists used small metal tools (punches) to