Focuses on how well test scores relate to external measures, such as performance in a university setting or other standardized tests like IELTS or TOEFL .
Evaluates the "washback" effect—how the test influences teaching and learning in the classroom and its broader social consequences. Strengths of the Work Language Testing and Validation
Weir’s primary contribution is a unified framework for validation that breaks down the "black box" of language testing into manageable components: Focuses on how well test scores relate to
Examines the physical and social conditions of the test (e.g., time limits, task instructions, and setting) to ensure they mirror real-world language use. Language Testing and Validation