A master's thesis by Joseph Romano Hammett (2021) from Georgetown University uses semiotic theory to decode her artistry.
The paper places "Radio" within a "negotiated mode" of communication, where Del Rey acknowledges her role as a product for the male gaze while simultaneously pushing back against critics who labeled her "inauthentic". Lana Del Rey - Radio (audio)
2. "Decoding Ideologies in Lana Del Rey’s Celebrity Status and Artistry" A master's thesis by Joseph Romano Hammett (2021)