The most relevant academic resource matching your subject is the comprehensive review published in the Journal of Powder Metallurgy & Mining . Core Principles and Unit Operations
: Essential for reclaiming lithium, cobalt, and nickel from spent lithium-ion batteries to support a circular economy . Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications
: Dissolved metals are separated from impurities. The most relevant academic resource matching your subject
The hydrometallurgical process typically follows a three-stage sequence: Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Applications
: Commonly uses sulfuric acid for copper and uranium.
Production, Recycling and Economy of Palladium: A Critical Review
: Methods vary from Heap Leaching (spraying ore heaps) to Autoclave Leaching (high-pressure vessels).