The fluid moves perpendicular to the axis. Common in turbochargers and centrifugal pumps. Mixed Flow: A combination of axial and radial movement. Real-World Applications

Jet engines use multi-stage axial compressors and turbines to generate thrust.

Because turbomachinery involves high velocities, engineers use stagnation (or total) properties. These account for both the static energy of the fluid and its kinetic energy. Efficiency Metrics: Isentropic Efficiency: Compares actual work to ideal work.

Steam and gas turbines drive generators to provide electricity for the grid.

These machines extract energy from the fluid (e.g., steam turbines, gas turbines, wind turbines). By Flow Path