Envy-Freeness up to One item (EF1) is a computational social choice standard guaranteeing a fair division of indivisible resources by ensuring any envy can be eliminated by removing a single item. Foundational literature demonstrates that EF1 allocations always exist and can be achieved through methods like maximizing Nash Social Welfare. For an in-depth, foundational overview, read the paper at UNSW . Finding Fair and Efficient Allocations - arXiv