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Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts).

Conservative measures are aimed at symptomatic relief, as they do not reverse the bony deformity. (PDF) Hallux Valgus - ResearchGate Download Hallux valgus pdf

Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Patients typically present with pain over the medial

Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment Diagnosis is primarily clinical

Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, three-dimensional, progressive forefoot deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation of the hallux. It is a common condition, often associated with pain, reduced walking ability, and pressure on the lesser toes. This paper reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, conservative management strategies, and various surgical interventions aimed at correcting the deformity and relieving symptoms. 1. Introduction

This draft covers the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hallux valgus, utilizing current research and established clinical guidelines.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual assessment of the deformity and patient symptoms, followed by radiographic verification.