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In the context of pipeline maintenance, an .xlsx file serves as a structured report or a design tool.

: An AC signal is injected into the pipeline via a transmitter. Technicians use specialized equipment, such as an A-frame with spikes, to measure the voltage gradient in the soil.

ACVG surveys identify areas where a pipeline’s protective coating has failed, known as "," which expose the steel to the soil and increase corrosion risk.