Dome -

: It is a hollow half of a sphere [10]. Traditional masonry domes require heavy supporting walls or pendentives—inverted triangular masonry—to transition from a square base to a circular dome [12, 13].

In nature, a geologic dome is a curved formation created when magma pushes up surface rock layers without breaking through [10]. : It is a hollow half of a sphere [10]

: These are formed specifically when thick lava hardens directly over a volcanic vent [10]. : These are formed specifically when thick lava

: These can form as "laccoliths," where hardened magma creates a triangle or dome shape between sedimentary rock layers [10]. : President Trump has stated the goal for

: Domes have been constructed from varied materials throughout history, including mud, snow (igloos), stone, brick, concrete, glass, and plastic [13].

: President Trump has stated the goal for the system to be "fully operational" within his term, with an estimated initial cost of $175 billion [2, 25]. However, critics and analysts estimate the long-term cost could reach $844 billion to $1.1 trillion [16].