Istanbul) between 1919 and 1923 . Commanded by , who served simultaneously as the U.S. High Commissioner and chief diplomat, this force navigated a volatile landscape following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire . Major Operations and Humanitarian Missions
: In September 1922, during the climax of the Turkish Nationalist Revolution, the fleet conducted a massive evacuation of nearly 200,000 Greek and Armenian refugees from the burning city of Smyrna (modern-day America's Black Sea Fleet: The U.S. Navy Amidst...
: Available in hardcover, paperback, and Kindle formats. Barnes & Noble : Offers both physical and digital editions. Istanbul) between 1919 and 1923