Air Bubble Entrainment In Free-surface Turbulen... < Working >

"Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows" is a seminal area of study in hydraulic and fluid engineering, primarily defined by the work of Hubert Chanson . This process occurs when turbulence in a liquid becomes strong enough to overcome surface tension and gravity, causing air to be trapped and dispersed as bubbles into the flow. Core Mechanisms of Entrainment

The cavity collapses due to local instabilities, often following a power-law scaling. Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulen...

Air entrainment is not a singular event but a multi-stage process driven by the instability of the air-water interface: Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulen...